December 18, 2012
Crayfish Harbor Fungus That’s Wiping Out Amphibians
National Geographic News – Freshwater crustaceans could be the key to understanding how the chytrid fungus persists in the ecosystem long after the last amphibian is gone. Scientists have found a new culprit in spreading the disease that’s been driving the world’s frogs to the brink of extinction: crayfish.
In the last few decades, the disease caused by the chytrid fungus has been a disaster for frogs and other amphibians. More than 300 species are nearly extinct because of it. Many probably have gone extinct, but it can be difficult to know for sure when a tiny, rare species disappears from the face of the Earth. “This pathogen is bad news. It’s worse news than any other pathogen in the history of life on Earth as far as we know it,” says Vance Vredenburg, a conservation biologist at San Francisco State University who studies frogs but did not work on the new study.
The chytrid fungus was only discovered in the late 1990s. Since then, scientists have been scrambling to figure out how it spreads and how it works. One of the biggest mysteries is how chytrid can persist in a frogless pond. Researchers saw it happen many times and were perplexed: If all of a pond’s amphibians were wiped out, and a few frogs or salamanders came back and recolonized the pond, they would also die—even though there were no amphibians in the pond to harbor the disease.
One possible reason is that chytrid infects other animals. For a study published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Taegan McMahon, a graduate student in ecology at the University of South Florida in Tampa, looked at some possible suspects and focused on crayfish, those lobster-like crustaceans living in freshwater. They seemed like a good possibility because they’re widespread and because their bodies have a lot of keratin, a protein the fungus attacks. In the lab, McMahon exposed crayfish to the disease and … … .
See the source (http://tinyurl.com/cbrj8sq) for the full story and much more.
[The article published in PNAS is accessible at http://tinyurl.com/d8nkd9d. ADS-Mod.]
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