International veterinary guidelines for the transport of live fish or fish eggs

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish
International veterinary guidelines for the transport of live fishnext term or previous termfishnext term eggs

P. de Kinkelin Corresponding Author Contact Information, R.P. Hedrick

Laboratoire d’ichtyopathologie, Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France

Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA

Available online 22 September 2003.

Abstract

There are two existing codes of practice and one draft proposal with guidelines for the transport of live previous termfishnext term and previous termfishnext term eggs. They provide information for national policies and a level of international standardization. Their efficacy depends, first on implementation by the national official services which tends to restrict previous termfishnext term movements, and second, on acceptance of these guidelines by those involved in the production and utilization of previous termfishnext term. Thus, a critical balance between theory and reality must be achieved if the goals of such international codes are to be realized.

Keywords: previous termFishnext term; Pathogens; Control; Policies; Guidelines; Transfer

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Dr Richmond Loh

BSc, BVMS, MPhil (Vet Path), MANZCVS (Aquatics), MANZCVS (Pathobiology), DipPM.
Veterinarian | Adjunct Senior Lecturer Murdoch University | WAVMA Communications Committee Member |
Secretary Aquatic Animal Health Chapter – Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists (ANZCVS)
The Fish Vet, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA. Mobile Veterinary Service for fish and other aquatic creatures.
http://www.thefishvet.com.au
Ph: +61 (0)421 822 383

New York Aquarium, the havoc caused by Hurricane Sandy.

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish

From Dr Rob Ossiboff via facebook:

Rob Oz Ossiboff 6:40am Nov 3
For those of you who are not aware, the New York Aquarium experienced tremendous damage from Hurricane Sandy. The grounds were inundated by the storm surge and backup from sewer drains. Aquarium staff have been working around the clock in a
n effort to save the inhabitants. Staff are working on restoring life support systems and have restored power to two exhibits. Water is still being pumped out of areas that house crucial operating systems. Many of the inhabitants weathered the initial floods, but the situation is still precarious. There is a desperate need to replace many of the operating systems for the tanks.

Images of the damage can be seen here: http://news.mongabay.com/2012/1102-ny-aquarium-photos-post-sandy.html [Dr Richmond Loh adds,”Very different from when I was last there in June, see pics here http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.378634905518798.82565.188036301245327&type=1&l=9440921838]
As you can see – the damage is severe and it will be months before the aquarium can reopen. But the top priority currently is the health of the animals.

I realize that there are many in need of help currently in the city and New Jersey, and there are many people desperately in need of supplies. But as I know many of my FB friends are animal lovers and animal health professionals, I wanted to reach out to you. If you are interested and able to contribute, please visit https://secure3.convio.net/wcs/site/Donation2?idb=1272578557&df_id=5341&5341.donation=form1

Donations are tax deductible. Please feel free to share.

Photos of flooded New York Aquarium released

news.mongabay.com
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) today released pictures showing damage caused earlier this w…

Impacts of coral bleaching. It’s not as bad as we think?

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish

We learnt a little about coral bleaching at the AquaVet II course during June this year. It’s not an unnatural phenomenon, and the coral are simply swapping the algae that lives within them with a different type to survive an environmental change. But sometimes this doesn’t happen as planned, perhaps because the right replacement algae doesn’t come along at the right time? Without their symbiotic algae, the coral polyps may eventually starve to death, leaving behind bare coral skeletons. Much research on the mechanisms of bleaching and recovery is being done.

But is coral bleaching as bad as we think? This study reports findings that are quite the contrary.

I’m interested to hear your thoughts.

Coral bleaching and habitat effects on colonisation of reef fishnext term assemblages: An experimental study

Saleh A.S. Yahyaa, b, Martin Gullströma, c, d, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Marcus C. Öhmana, Narriman S. Jiddawib, Mathias H. Anderssona, Yunus D. Mgayae, Ulf Lindahlf

a Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
b Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania
c Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
d Department of Marine Ecology – Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, SE-S-451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
e Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
f Blekinge County Administration, SE-371 86 Karlskrona, Sweden

Received 30 August 2010; Accepted 25 April 2011. Available online 23 May 2011.

Abstract

Degradation and mortality of corals is increasing worldwide and is expected to have significant effects on coral reef previous termfishnext term; hence studies on these effects are essential. In the present study, a field experiment was set up within Mafia Island Marine Park in Tanzania (East Africa) to examine the effects of bleaching and habitat structure on colonisation of coral reef previous termfishnext term assemblages. Live and bleached staghorn coral Acropora formosa was transplanted onto plots in a site dominated by sand and rubble, and the experimental design comprised of three treatments: live coral, bleached coral and eroded coral rubble. There was an immediate increase (within 24 h) in previous termfishnext termabundance and diversity in the two treatments with standing corals. Overall, live and bleached coral plots showed similar effects, but differed from the eroded coral plots which had a much lower abundance and diversity of previous termfishnext term. In general, previous termfishnext term species diversity changed with time over the study period while previous termfishnext term abundance did not. Multivariate analyses showed that while there were differences in previous termfishnext term assemblage structure between standing corals and the eroded coral treatment, there was neither a difference between live and bleached coral treatments nor any temporal effects on previous termfishnext term assemblage structure. Our findings suggest that physical structure and complexity of habitat have stronger effects on colonisation of reef previous termfishnext term assemblages than changes in coral health (such as bleaching) which do not affect coral structure. This may have important implications for appropriate coral reef management.

Highlights

► We studied effects of coral bleaching and degradation on reef previous termfishnext term assemblages. ► previous termFishnext term abundance and diversity were lower in eroded plots compared with standing corals. ► previous termFishnext term species diversity showed temporal alterations, while previous termfishnext term abundance did not. ► Habitat complexity affected colonisation of reef previous termfishnext term. ► Coral health (bleaching) showed minor effects on colonisation of reef previous termfishnext term.

Keywords: coral reefs; previous termfishnext term communities; habitat degradation; disturbance; field experiment; resilience

View full article here:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=272396&_user=143908&_pii=S0272771411001326&_check=y&_origin=search&_coverDate=30-Jul-2011&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlt-zSkWA&md5=3ba920d0f56b194d728d9e9dad670bee/1-s2.0-S0272771411001326-main.pdf

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Yours sincerely,

Dr Richmond Loh

BSc, BVMS, MPhil (Vet Path), MANZCVS (Aquatics), MANZCVS (Pathobiology), DipPM.
Veterinarian | Adjunct Senior Lecturer Murdoch University | WAVMA Communications Committee Member |
Secretary Aquatic Animal Health Chapter – Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists (ANZCVS)
The Fish Vet, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA. Mobile Veterinary Service for fish and other aquatic creatures.
http://www.thefishvet.com.au
Ph: +61 (0)421 822 383

Fish Vetting Medicines – Formulary of Fish Treatments – oxytetracycline.

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish

An updated page is attached for your reference.

Oxytetracycline.pdf

Note that all treatments are NOT listed as a recommendation for use in food fish. In Australia, only the APVMA permits or registered products can be used on food fish. Dr Richmond Loh, The Fish Vet, gives no warranties, express or implied, regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information.  Sole responsibility and risk associated with the use of the information, irrespective of the purpose
to which that use is applied, is accepted by the user.

An eSample copy of the book is available by clicking this link.

Three simple steps to treat fish ulcers.

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish

Following my recent presentation to the local Koi Club on the causes and treatment of koi ulcers, I’ve decided to upload the short movie, demonstrating the treatment of uncomplicated fish ulcers.

Check it out on my
YouTube channel – http://youtu.be/GHJtZRrx8IU

Also, there were several people interested in getting their hands on the special powder gel and so I’m making it available for everyone to purchase at a low price of $56.95 plus P&H.

It’s not loaded the product on my site’s shopping cart yet, but you can use the contact form to place your order right away.

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Yours sincerely,

Dr Richmond Loh
BSc BVMS MPhil MANZCVS (Aq & Pathol)
The Fish Vet, Perth, Western Australia.
Veterinary Medicine for fish.
http://www.thefishvet.com.au
Ph: +61 (0)421 822 383

Living off a fish: A trade-off between parasites and the immune system.

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish
Living off a fishnext term: A trade-off between parasites and the immune system

A. Sitjà-Bobadilla Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author

Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Torre de la Sal s/n, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain

Received 22 October 2007; revised 14 March 2008; Accepted 27 March 2008. Available online 4 April 2008.

Abstract

Research in previous termfishnext term immune system and parasite invasion mechanisms has advanced the knowledge of the mechanisms whereby parasites evade or cope with previous termfishnext term immune response. The main mechanisms of immune evasion employed by previous termfishnext term parasites are reviewed and considered under ten headings. 1) Parasite isolation: parasites develop in immuno-privileged host tissues, such as brain, gonads, or eyes, where host barriers prevent or limit the immune response. 2) Host isolation: the host cellular immune response isolates and encapsulates the parasites in a dormant stage without killing them. 3) Intracellular disguise: typical of intracellular microsporidians, coccidians and some myxosporeans. 4) Parasite migration, behavioural and environmental strategies: parasites migrate to host sites the immune response has not yet reached or where it is not strong enough to kill them, or they accommodate their life cycles to the season or the age in which the host immune system is down-regulated. 5) Antigen-based strategies such as mimicry or masking, variation and sharing of parasite antigens. 6) Anti-immune mechanisms: these allow parasites to resist innate humoral factors, to neutralize host antibodies or to scavenge reactive oxygen species within macrophages. 7) Immunodepression: parasites either suppress the previous termfishnext term immune systems by reducing the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes or the phagocytic activity of macrophages, or they induce apoptosis of host leucocytes. 8) Immunomodulation: parasites secrete or excrete substances which modulate the secretion of host immune factors, such as cytokines, to their own benefit. 9) Fast development: parasites proliferate faster than the ability of the host to mount a defence response. 10) Exploitation of the host immune reaction. Knowledge of the evasion strategies adopted by parasites will help us to understand host-parasite interactions and may therefore help in the discovery of novel immunotherapeutic agents or targeted vaccines, and permit the selection of host-resistant strains.

Keywords: Immune response; Immune escape; previous termFishnext term parasites; Immunoprivilege; Immunodepression

View full article here:

Click to access science

Is this lobster half cooked?

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish

Check out these rare ‘split lobsters’.

http://news.neaq.org/2012/10/new-lobster-dressed-for-halloween.html?m=1

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Yours sincerely,

Dr Richmond Loh
BSc BVMS MPhil MANZCVS (Aq & Pathol)
The Fish Vet, Perth, Western Australia.
Veterinary Medicine for fish.
http://www.thefishvet.com.au
Ph: +61 (0)421 822 383

2013 AQUAVET® I & II & III

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish

I’ve attended AquaVet II and I can vouch that’s it’s an incredibly worthwhile course.

From

Dr Donald Stremme via Facebook 3:30pm Oct 31

2013 AQUAVET® I & II & III

The University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine and the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University are pleased to announce the 2013 AQUAVET® I & II Programs as well as the new AQUAVET® III offering. They are aquatic veterinary medicine education programs that currently consist of two courses that will be presented at Roger Williams University in Bristol, RI in June 2013 and one on aquarium medicine which is at three venues.

AQUAVET® I: An Introduction to Aquatic Veterinary Medicine is a 4-week course (26 May – 22 June 2013) intended primarily for veterinary students.

AQUAVET® II: Comparative Pathology of Aquatic Animals is a 2-week course (26 May – 8 June 2013) that is oriented toward the pathology of diseases of aquatic invertebrates and fish that are used in biomedical research, encountered in display aquaria and are of importance in commercial aquaculture.

AQUAVET® III: Clinical Aspects of Captive Aquatic Animal Medicine is a 5 week course (24 June – 27 July, 2013) and is limited to a small number of students. The venues include GA Aquarium, U of GA and Dolphinaris, Cancún, México.

Veterinary students can receive credits for the course and graduate veterinarians can receive CE credits.

More detailed information and applications for admission (due by January 15, 2013) are (or will soon be) available on the web site www.aquavet.info.

aquavetindex

http://www.vet.cornell.edu

Presented by the School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania,and the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University .

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Yours sincerely,

Dr Richmond Loh
BSc BVMS MPhil MANZCVS (Aq & Pathol)
The Fish Vet, Perth, Western Australia.
Veterinary Medicine for fish.
http://www.thefishvet.com.au
Ph: +61 (0)421 822 383

Response of hybrid catfish to chronic diurnal hypoxia.

Posted on by TheFishVet - Richmond's School of Fish

Several water quality parameters fluctuate throughout the day. Dissolved oxygen is no exception, especially in planted or green ponds. On several occasions, my clients have told me that they run their pumps during the day and then turn their pumps off in the evening. I told them that in fact, it is actually more useful to turn their pumps on during the night than during the day because the plants only photosynthesize during the day. Of course, the pumps should be turned on continuously if it is used to operate a biological filter.

In extensive pond culture, you may notice that paddlewheel aerators are situated in strategic locations instead of water pumps or air pumps as they consume less energy. The other benefit of paddlewheel aerators is that through the water movement created, they can also direct wastes towards a section of the pond. I have diverged.

Anyway, it is important to maintain a minimum dissolved oxygen level at all times for improved productivity as evidenced in this paper.

Aquaculture
Volume 353, Number 11 (June 2012)
Response of channel×blue hybrid catfish to chronic diurnal hypoxia
Authors: Bartholomew W. Green, Steven D. Rawles, Benjamin H. Beck
Author Affiliations:
no affiliations available
Source: Aquaculture, Volume 353, Number 11 (June 2012)
Page Numbers: 183 – 191
Available Full Text:
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Abstract: Performance traits and metabolic responses of the channel×blue hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatusfemale×I. furcatusmale) in response to chronic diurnal hypoxia were evaluated in this 197-d study. Sixteen 0.1-ha earthen ponds were stocked with 15,169 hybrid catfish/ha (47g/fish) and managed to maintain the minimum dissolved oxygen concentration greater than 12%, 24%, 36%, or 48% of saturation. Growth and yield of channel×blue hybrid catfish were significantly related to minimum nightly dissolved oxygen concentration. The cumulative effect of nocturnal dissolved oxygen concentration and the duration of exposure to hypoxia (termed dissolved oxygen-minutes) proved to be a better independent variable for regression analysis than minimum nightly dissolved oxygen concentration. Gross and net yield and mean individual weight increased curvilinearly as dissolved oxygen-minutes increased. Chronic nightly hypoxia affected daily feed consumption and channel×blue hybrid catfish in the higher dissolved oxygen treatments grew faster because they consumed a greater percentage of their body weight at each feeding. Feed consumption increased linearly in response to dissolved oxygen-minutes during the peak production period (June–August), but curvilinearly over the entire study. Body compositional indices largely were unaffected by chronic nightly hypoxia. Lipid was the primary depot affected by hypoxia and lipid indices increased with increasing dissolved oxygen concentration and with increasing total feed fed. Citrate synthase activity was 14.6% higher in the highest compared to the lowest dissolved oxygen treatment and a strong inverse relationship between citrate synthase activity and fish body mass was observed in the highest dissolved oxygen concentration treatment. Results of this study suggest that pond dissolved oxygen concentration should be maintained at 48% saturation during the peak production period (water temperatures above 25C) and at 36% saturation during the rest of the growing season.
Citation: Bartholomew W. Green, Steven D. Rawles, Benjamin H. Beck . Response of channel×blue hybrid catfish to chronic diurnal hypoxia. Aquaculture, Volume 353, Number 11 (June 2012), pp. 183-191, <http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=49B4AC2A2A556BCCF5BD&gt;
URL: http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=49B4AC2A2A556BCCF5BD

 
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Follow me on: Facebook “Fin Page” – YouTube – Blog – Linkedin – Twitter 

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Yours sincerely,

Dr Richmond Loh

BSc, BVMS, MPhil (Vet Path), MANZCVS (Aquatics), MANZCVS (Pathobiology), DipPM.
Veterinarian | Adjunct Senior Lecturer Murdoch University | WAVMA Communications Committee Member |
Secretary Aquatic Animal Health Chapter – Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists (ANZCVS)
The Fish Vet, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA. Mobile Veterinary Service for fish and other aquatic creatures.
http://www.thefishvet.com.au
Ph: +61 (0)421 822 383